Soundwave therapy, also known as extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT), is a non-invasive treatment used for various musculoskeletal conditions, including tendonitis, plantar fasciitis, and chronic pain. While it is considered a safe alternative to invasive treatments like surgery, it is important to recognize that soundwave therapy is not without its side effects. This article will explore the potential side effects of soundwave therapy, highlighting the most common and rare adverse reactions.
Common Side Effects of Soundwave Therapy
- Localized Pain or Discomfort The most frequently reported side effect of soundwave therapy is localized pain or discomfort during or after treatment. The acoustic waves create mechanical stress in the targeted tissue, which can cause mild to moderate pain in the treated area. This discomfort is usually temporary and subsides within a few hours to days. Patients with sensitive skin or lower pain thresholds may experience more intense sensations.
- Swelling and Redness Swelling and redness at the treatment site are also common side effects. These reactions are due to increased blood flow and tissue stimulation caused by the acoustic waves. Swelling may last for a few hours to a few days after treatment. In most cases, it is mild and resolves without the need for medical intervention.
- Bruising Bruising can occur as a result of capillary damage in the treated area. This is more likely in areas with thin skin or in patients who bruise easily. Bruising usually resolves within a week and does not require any specific treatment.
- Numbness or Tingling Some patients may experience temporary numbness or tingling in the area treated with soundwave therapy. This is caused by the stimulation of nerve endings and generally resolves within a few hours. If numbness persists beyond a few days, further evaluation may be needed.
- Hematoma Formation In rare cases, soundwave therapy can cause a small hematoma, or localized bleeding, under the skin. This can happen if the acoustic waves disrupt small blood vessels. Hematomas usually resolve on their own but may cause discomfort until the blood is reabsorbed by the body.
Less Common Side Effects
- Skin Irritation or Blistering While rare, skin irritation or blistering can occur, particularly in patients with sensitive or fragile skin. This can result from the repeated application of acoustic waves in the same area over several sessions. In such cases, it is advisable to pause treatment until the skin heals.
- Tendon or Ligament Damage In extremely rare cases, the high-energy waves used in soundwave therapy can cause micro-tears or overstretching in tendons or ligaments. This typically occurs when incorrect treatment settings are used or when therapy is applied to an area with pre-existing tissue damage. Close monitoring and proper calibration of the device reduce this risk.
- Temporary Increase in Pain Some patients may experience a temporary worsening of pain after the first session. This is often described as an “inflammatory flare” and occurs as the body reacts to the mechanical stimulus. While this reaction may cause discomfort, it is usually short-lived and followed by a gradual reduction in pain as the tissue begins to heal.
Contraindications and Risks
- Pre-existing Conditions Patients with certain pre-existing conditions, such as blood clotting disorders or severe osteoporosis, may be at higher risk for complications. Those taking anticoagulants or with a history of thrombosis should consult their healthcare provider before undergoing soundwave therapy.
- Pregnancy Soundwave therapy is generally contraindicated during pregnancy due to the lack of research on its effects on fetal development. It is not recommended to apply acoustic waves to areas near the abdomen or pelvis in pregnant individuals.
- Pacemakers or Metal Implants Patients with pacemakers or metal implants in the treatment area should avoid soundwave therapy, as the acoustic waves can interfere with the function of these devices or cause tissue heating around the metal.
Conclusion
While soundwave therapy is considered a safe and effective treatment for many musculoskeletal conditions, it is not entirely free from side effects. Most patients experience only mild and temporary reactions, such as localized pain, swelling, or bruising. More serious side effects, such as tendon damage or skin irritation, are rare but possible. Proper patient screening, appropriate device calibration, and skilled administration of the therapy can minimize the risk of adverse outcomes. As with any medical treatment, patients should discuss the potential risks and benefits with their healthcare provider before undergoing soundwave therapy.